A turbulent legislative campaign in Belfort in 1902. Jules Lemaitre comes out in support of Armand Viellard-Migeon: between anti-Semitism and xenophobia.

Lemaitre Belfort

 

Jules Lemaitre (1853-1914), writer, academician, figure of nationalism. Notes – Impression de Belfort. [No place, 1902]. Signed autograph manuscript, with deletions and corrections. 3 pp. in-8° on 3 ff. recto only.

Lemaitre Belfort

Draft of the article that Jules LemaĂ®tre, on an election tour in Belfort during the legislative elections in support of the outgoing nationalist congressman Armand Viellard, will publish in the patriotic newspaper L’Echo de Paris. LemaĂ®tre and Godefroy Caraignac, leaders of the Ligue de la Patrie française (League of the French Fatherland), had been conducting a propaganda campaign in all the major cities of France since November 1901 to support nationalist candidates.

Lemaitre Belfort

Violent text against the inhabitants and the city of Belfort, with anti-Semitic and xenophobic undertones.

Lemaitre Belfort

« Un rocher rougeâtre, d’une ligne rude ; une âpre citadelle se dĂ©coupant sur un ciel gris ; plaquĂ© contre le roc, le lion tropique de Belfort… Au bas de ce noble et sĂ©vère dĂ©cor, une ignoble populace, hurlant, sifflant, poussant des cris stupides ou obscènes… VoilĂ  ce que nous avons vu et entendu, pendant l’heure qui a prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© notre dĂ©part de l’hĂ´tel pour la confĂ©rence, puis pendant les deux heures qui ont suivi notre retour Ă  l’hĂ´tel. […] Nous savons d’ailleurs par quels dĂ©vouĂ©s amis du ministère toute cette injurieuse vermine avait Ă©tĂ© soudoyĂ©e. Pauvre Belfort – dont le nom signifie pourtant de si grandes choses ! […] La vieille population belfortaine est excellente ; c’est la meilleure pâte d’Alsaciens. Mais la ville, en 1870, avait 6 000 habitants ; elle en a aujourd’hui 30 000. La population nouvelle se compose, pour une trop grande part, de dĂ©chets humains venus de l’Alsace annexĂ©e, de l’Allemagne ou de la Suisse, bref, de la lie de trois frontières. Et 170 Juifs sont inscrits sur les listes Ă©lectorales. Ainsi ce promontoire de la dĂ©fense française baigne dans une Ă©cume d’individus Ă  patrie indĂ©cise. Nous avons bien fait d’y aller. La libertĂ© de conscience, la libertĂ© d’association, la libertĂ© d’enseignement ont Ă©tĂ© rayĂ©es du code. [Il ne reste que la libertĂ© de parole et de rĂ©union. En fait, le ministère fait tout ce qu’il peut pour l’entraver. Mais, tout au moins, elle demeure inscrite dans la loi. Nous avons montrĂ©, Ă  Belfort, qu’on peut encore user de cette libertĂ© lĂ , Ă  condition de la dĂ©fendre soi-mĂŞme. Nous avons fait Ă  pied quatre Kilomètres, aller et retour, sans autre inconvĂ©nient que le petit ennui d’entendre ici ou lĂ  quelques sifflets imbĂ©ciles que nous couvrions aussitĂ´t du chant de la Marseillaise. Cette longue promenade a Ă©tĂ© possible, et mĂŞme facile, grâce Ă  la dĂ©cision calme des vieux belfortains. Ils ont protĂ©gĂ©, dans ma personne, une libertĂ©. Nous leur avons apportĂ© une occasion de se serrer les coudes, de se rallier tous pour la bonne cause. Echange de fraternels services.

Suit l’exposĂ© d’idĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©rales politiques concernant son parti de droite, ses Ă©lecteurs, le soutien qu’ils lui tĂ©moignent ainsi qu’Ă  Godefroy Caraignac et au gĂ©nĂ©ral Mercier. « C’est que la plupart de nos amis sont des hommes qui n’ont encore jamais fait de politique. A cause de cela ils ont de la simplicitĂ© et de la candeur. […] Ils ont le bon sens. Et, je crois, de plus en plus, qu’ils sont le nombre. » 

[“A reddish rock, with rough lines; a harsh citadel silhouetted against a grey sky; pressed against the rock, the tropical lion of Belfort… At the foot of this noble and severe backdrop, a vile mob, shouting, whistling, uttering stupid or obscene cries… This is what we saw and heard during the hour before we left the hotel for the conference, and then during the two hours after we returned to the hotel. […] We also know which devoted friends of the ministry had bribed all this abusive rabble. Poor Belfort – whose name means so many great things! […] The old population of Belfort is excellent; it is the best stock in Alsace. But in 1870, the city had 6,000 inhabitants; today it has 30,000. The new population is composed, for the most part, of human refuse from annexed Alsace, Germany, or Switzerland—in short, the dregs of three borders. And 170 Jews are registered on the electoral roll. Thus, this bastion of French defence is awash with individuals of uncertain nationality. We did well to go there. Freedom of conscience, freedom of association and freedom of education have been removed from the code. [Only freedom of speech and assembly remain. In fact, the ministry is doing everything it can to hinder it. But at least it remains enshrined in law. In Belfort, we showed that this freedom can still be exercised, provided that we defend it ourselves. We walked four kilometres there and back, with no inconvenience other than the minor annoyance of hearing a few idiotic whistles here and there, which we immediately drowned out by singing the Marseillaise. This long walk was possible, and even easy, thanks to the calm decision of the old people of Belfort. They protected a freedom in my person. We gave them an opportunity to stand together, to rally around a good cause. An exchange of fraternal services.”

This is followed by a presentation of general political ideas concerning his right-wing party, its voters, and the support they show for him, Godefroy Caraignac, and General Mercier. “The fact is that most of our friends are men who have never been involved in politics before. Because of this, they are simple and candid. […] They have common sense. And I increasingly believe that they are in the majority.”]

A document of rare violence in the Comtois region, bearing witness to the rise of a xenophobic and anti-Semitic right wing in a France torn apart by the Dreyfus affair.

Lemaitre Belfort

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